The 4,000-year-old Harput relief, discovered by chance about nine years ago, is now on display at the Elazığ City Museum. This ancient artefact provides information about the rich history of the region.
Discovery of the Harput Relief
In 2016, while conducting terracing work in the Nevruz forest area, located just 200-250 meters east of Harput Castle, the Harput relief was accidentally unearthed about one meter below the surface. Weighing approximately 4 tons and crafted from local limestone, this artifact is recognized in archaeological literature as the “Harput Relief” and showcases a low-relief technique.
Scenes Depicted on the Relief
The Harput relief vividly narrates a dramatic siege of a castle by the riverbank, illustrating various military scenes, including:
- A wheeled siege tower positioned in front of the fortified castle
- Sappers diligently working on the siege
- Soldiers scaling the walls with ladders
- Warriors engaged in fierce battle
Intriguing Themes and Symbolism
Among the captivating themes depicted in the relief are the captives emerging from the conquered castle and the acceptance of soldier prisoners into peace. Notably, one of the castle gates features a striking image of a winged, portal-clawed mythological goddess holding a child, adding depth to the narrative.
Harput Castle: A Historical Landmark
Harput Castle, constructed in the 8th century BC by the Urartians, boasts a rectangular layout with two main sections: the inner castle and the outer walls. Its strategic location has allowed it to serve as a significant site for various civilizations throughout history.
Historical Significance of Harput Castle
The castle played a crucial role during the Roman and Byzantine periods and underwent repairs and fortifications during the Seljuk and Ottoman eras. Harput Castle functioned not only as a military stronghold but also as the administrative and religious center of the region, housing churches, mosques, and residences that highlight its importance in the community.
Cultural Heritage and UNESCO Recognition
Harput Castle is regarded as a vital structure that sheds light on the history of Anatolia. Its rich cultural heritage and architectural significance make it an invaluable site for historians and tourists alike. Currently, Harput Castle is on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, further emphasizing its importance in preserving the region’s history.